Migrant Workers and Expatriate Assignments

 Today migrations or expatriates are very popular around the world,when you talk about migrations it involves movement of people from one country to another, or from one region to another, among professionals, students or ethnic communities, and why they are migrating? Most of them to looking for better opportinities, and other for pleasure or knowledge.

When we said that migration is for better opportinities we are talking about migrant workers in the most of the cases, one clear example is the workers migration in china, they migrate inside their country to look for better opportunities and they are millions.

When migrants or expatriates came in to an organization the have to go to a socialization procces and acculturitation process thar affect their carrer entities, this people need to be reskilled to fit in the host contry.

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When migrants or expatriates arrive there is a integration two process, they are adaptation of the migrants and from the hosts of the new contry. 

Expatriates are productive persons in firms they are recognized for their work ans potential, but they always have mentors with carrer coaching and social support.

Question.

 

Explain how easy is it  for Colombian companies to employ expatriates locally? Give exmples o suggest what could be done. 

I think  for Colombian companies is easy to employ expatriates locally, because here is easy to enter from everyone in the world, and if they are people with talent they will be  recieved very easy here.

A clear example is in Haceb, they employ a know person, from chile because he is a very good engienner, and haver do all the papers to keep him here in the country.

References.

 

Kram, K.E. (1985) MentoringAt Work, Scott, Foresman: Glenview.

 

Expatriate. (n.d.). Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved March 11, 2011, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/expatriate

Expatriate. (n.d.). Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved March 11, 2011, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/expatriate

Organizational Culture in Merging Process

Organizational Culture:

A pattern of basic assumptions that are considered valid and that are taugth to new members as the way to percieve, think, and feel in the organzation.

Mergers and Acquisitions:

Mergers and Acquisitions are when a firm renew its market position at a speed not achievable thougth internal development, merging implies the construction of a new social identity. the mergers create value in the companies implied.

The organizational integration variables are particulary relevant in the acquisition procces, there is a motive of the acquisition, and there is a precces of implementation.

Acculturative Procces:

Is when to groups adapts to each other and resolve emergent conflict, it occurs when conflictive groups have cultural differentation, and organizational forces reject integration.

The succes of a integration process depend primarly on, the managers ability to reconcile the need for strategic interdependence between the two firms, the need for organizational autonomy, amd the existence of cultural fit.

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Managing the ultural differences has been proved as a more realistic and succesful strategy in integration proccess than finding the ideal culture fit.

Question:

Acording to the case studies what are the practical steps to minimize the feeling of uncertainty normally expected by employees, and also to facilitate the learning proccess to occur between the two groups of people in their process of cultural and behavioral integration?

The practical steps are, create  positive atsmophere for capability transfer before initiating any actual consolidation of human and physical assets. Appropiate integration strategies implementation can facilitate the learning and acculturitation proccess resulting in minimising the uncertainties in the work place, and increasing the willingness to cooperate and to be part of a new culture entity.

References

Salama, Alzira, Wayne Holland, and Gerald Vinten. "Challenges and opportunities in mergers ans acquisitions. ." Journal of European Industrial Training 27 (2003): 313-321. Print. 

Organizational Learning

Knowledge: is the capacity for effective action.

Learning: a process of aquiring knowledge or a skill

Social learning Theory:

Explains human behavior in terms of continous reciprocal interaction between cognitive,behavioral, and enviromental influences.

Goal Settings:

Procces of establishing desires result that guide and direct behavior.

                                                                                             katherinegreen.com

Learning Organizations:

Places where people continually expand their capacities to create the results they truly desire.

Why Learning Organizatios?:

Organizations that experimented with new ways of conduction bussines in order to survive in turbulent higly competitive markets.

To obtain and sustain competitive advantage, organizatiosnmust enhancetheir learningcapability and must be ableto learn better and faster from their successes and failures from withing and from outside.

How Organizational Learning Works?:

As competitive advantage organizations should have the capacity to collect new information and transfer in to action.

Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uneo8xWUeq4

Question:

  

What is the relationship between organizational learning and individual satisfaction?

The relationship consist in that the individual satisfaction, is a prerequisite of organizational learning, if there is an individual satisfaction there will be learning and evolution with the organization, each person is a part of the organization, and if each person is not satisfied with what are he doing he will not participate and share iside the organization. 


References.

Singh, Kavita. "An Analysis Of Relationship Between The Learning Organization And Organization Culture In Indian Bussines Organization.." Organizational Markets In Emerging Economies 1 (2010): 142-164. Print.

Leadership Styles and Managment Styles

Manage is: To bring about. to acomplish, to have chargeof or responsability for, to conduct.

Leading is: influencing guiding in direction,course, action, opinion.

Managment process: Reduce uncertainty, Provides stability.

Managers advocate for stability and status quo.

Leadership Process: Crates uncertainty, Creates change.

Leaders advocate for change and new aproaches to problems.

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Managment and leadership are diferrent but complemetary systems of action. An effective leadership produces useful change, and a effective managment controls complexity, if both of them are well managed there will be a healthy organization.

There are two types of leadership,Formal Leadership, and informal leadership. There is a third terms named, followship, thisone is importan too, because this means the process of being guided and directed by a leader in the work enviroment.

The fundamental act of leadership consist to induce people to be aware or concious of what they feel, to create a purposefully action.

Contingency Theory.

Involve the belif  that leader style mustbe appropiate for the particular situation.

Involvement.

Is a key leadership practiceto ensure youfacilitate ownership and gain commitment and involvement. it results in betterdesitionsbefore moving forward with valuable organization resources.

                                                                                               culturewav.es

New Research in leadership.

Transformational leaders: Leaders who inspires followers to transend their self-interest ans achieve exepcional performance .

Charismatic leaders: a leaders use of personal abilities and talents in orderto have profoundans extraordinary effects on followers.

Authentic leaders: a leader who is guided by explicit values that enphasize collective interest.

Question.

Do you (or would you want to) work in a autocratic,democratic,or consulative work enviroment? What migth be the advantages and disadvantages of each?

 I would want to work in a democratic work enviroment, because the leaders are the one to ask for collaboration with the followers, if they dont need it they wont ask for it, so the participation is limited. This is the advantage of democratic work enviroment, because your participation is limited, the disadvantage can be that the leaders can make desitions wothout hearing others. In the consulative work enviroment, there are much people and much ideas, and the most of the time you can not accomplish all the ideas or suggestions, this can be a disadvantage, the advantage can be that all other participants can feel as an important part of the organizations.
And the autocratic work enviroment, it wot be very goo at all, because you will have to work, and you can not suggest or participate in anithing. you alwayis will have to do what the leader want.


References.

Lee, Jangho, Thomas W. Roehl, and Soonkyo Choe. "What makes managment style similar and distinct across borders? Grouth experience and culture in korean and japanece firms." Journal of International Bussines Studies 31 (2000): 631-652. Print.

Ethical Decision Making in Organizations

Today ethical decision making has become a top priority for many companies after recent breacks of public trust.

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uO0gOyPVj6A

The decisions can be programmed  or non programmed

Programmed: A simple routine matter for wich a manager has an stablished decision rule.

Nonprogrammed Decision: A new, complex decision that requires a creative solution.

Models of Decision Making:

Effective Decision: A timely decision that meets a desiredabjective and is acceptable to those individuals affected by it.

Rational Model: Describes how individuals should behave in order to optimize some outcome.

Bounded Rationality Model: a theory that suggests that there are limits upon gow rationala decisionmaker can actually be.

Garbage Can Model: A theory that contend that decisions in organizationsare random and unsystematic.

http://hubpages.com/hub/When-Personal-Values-Conflict-With-Ethical-Decision-Making

Managing Risk Taking Behavior.

-Effective decision making under uncertainty.

-Allow employees to fail with out fear od punishment .

-Fear of taking risks stifles creativiti and innovation.

 Escalation of Commitment:

The tendency to continue to commit sources to a failing source of action.

Participative Decision Making:

Decision making in wich individuals are affected by decisions influencethe making of those decisions.

Groupthink:

A deterioration of mental efficiency reality testing and moral judment resulting from pressures within the group

Techniques for Group Decision Making:

Brainstorming.

Nominal group technique.

Delphi technique.

Devils advocacy.

Dialectical inquiry.

Ethics:

Behavioral nors and rules. do the rigth thing .

Ethical Theories.

Consequential Theory.

Rule-Base theory.

Character theory.

Ethical Behavior.

Acting in ways consistent in ones personal values and the commonly held values of the organization and society.

Locus of Control.

Personality variable thats affects individual behavior.

Question:

How can organzations effectively manage both risk taking and scalation of commitment in the decision making behavior of employees?

Organizations can manage this risk decision making by fragmenting the decisions making in steps of aprovation inside a group, if the mayority agree the decision can be made, but always all the group is going to have the responsability.

References:

Mintzberg, H. & Westley, F.(2001, Spring).Decision making: It is not what you think. MIT sloan managment review.

D.L., Nelson, and Quick J.C.. "Organizational Behavior: Science.." The Real Worls and You. 7. (2010): 3-29.. Print.

Wong, K.F.E., & KWong J.Y.Y. (2007) .The role of anticipated regret in scalation of commitment. Journal of applied physcology,92,545-554.

Prersonality, Peception and Atributtion; Attitudes and Values.

Every person around the world has a individual difference from other we can define Individual Diferences as "The way in which factors such as skills, abilities, personalities, perceptions, attitudes, values, and ethics differ from one individual to another.
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At the same time each person have a unique personality, the personality is a "set of chracteristics that influence an individual behavior  "

There are theories and definitions to study:

Trait Theory:

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Integrative Aproach:

Theory that describes personalityas a composite of an individual psycological processes.

General Self-Efficacy:  


And individuals general belif that he or sheis capableof meeting job demans in a wide variety of situations.


Self Steem :

An Individuals general feelingof self worth

Self Monitoring

The extent to wich people base their behavior on cues from other people and situations.

Positive Affect: 

An individual’s tendency to accentuate the positive aspects of himself or herself, other people, and the world in general. 

Negative Affect: 

An individual’s tendency to accentuate the negative aspects of himself or herself, other people, and the world in general.


Social Perception:
 
The process of interpreting information about another person.

Atribbution Theory :

A theory that explains how individuals pinpoint the causes of their own behavior and that of others. 







Attitude.

A psycological tendency expressed by evaluating an entity with some degree of favor or disfavor.


ABC Model of an Attitude.

Affect:phycological indicators verbal statements about feelings.
Behavioral Intentions: Observed behavior verval statements about intentions.
Cognition: Attitude scales verbal statements about beliefs.


Cognitive Disonance.







A state of tension that is produced when an individual experiences conflict between attitudes and behavior .






Values.

Enduring beliefs that a specific mode of conduct or end state of existence is personally or socially preferableto an oppositeor converce mode of conduct or end state of existence.


Question:

To what do you atribbute the succes of JICA?


I atribute the succes of JICA to the big experience that they have based on their country, and their history, they are one of the biggest economies in the world, they are one of the most developed coutries in the world, so they have  lot of knowledge to teach, and all the world know this so the people will be pleased to recieve all those educational and developing knowledge to apply it in their communities. 


References:


Harrison, D.A.,Newman, D.a.,Roth,P.L.2006.How Importan are Job Attitudes?

D.L., Nelson, and Quick J.C.. "Organizational Behavior: Science.." The Real Worls and You. 7. (2010): 3-29.. Print.

The Corporation

The Corporation is a documentary about how the multinationals do anything necessary to have more and more profit, no matter what is or what will be the human and ecological cost.

In the documentary are interviewed important persons who defend the documentary and others defend the corporation activities saying that "wothout externalities no manufacturing industry is sunainable" , there are an important example about one person who is a CEO and he relized what they were doing, so he start a campaing to protect the earth and the enviroment. He is still the CEO of the company, and they are modifing the company to be sustainable in 2020.

The documentary shows many cases of unethical corporations, and his acts, and many of them proved by the press and by cientifical evidence, but in the most of the cases nothing happend to them also the documentary show an history that the reporters were theatened by a corporation.

 Question.

One of the criticism in the movie is "without externalities, no manufacturing industry is sustainable". Do you agree? What could be done in this phenomenon? 




I agree with the affirmation of the movie, why? because the human life style  is sustented with the mass manufacturing, everithing moves around corporations, and big companies, everyone want a piece of that cake, so if we want to stop damaging the human and the nature, all the world have to change their life style, and this would happen if we start now, and it will be a hard long road, because if we try to shift in one do tho an other the concecuences will be worst.

References 

The Corporation. Dir. Jennifer Abbott. Perf. Mikela J. Mikael, Rob Beckwermert, Christopher Gora. Zeitgeist Films, 2003. DVD.